Excel marketing brochure jobs
I'm in need of a freelancer who can help me find new clients for my web development services. Key Tasks: - Generate leads and bring in new clients - Identify and engage with poten...for my web development services. Key Tasks: - Generate leads and bring in new clients - Identify and engage with potential customers interested in web development - Maintain and grow our client network Ideal Skills: - Proven track record in client acquisition - Strong understanding of the web development industry - Good communication and relationship-building skills Experience in sales, marketing or a related field is a plus. The ability to leverage existing networks and create new ones will be highly regarded. Please apply if you're confident in your ability to attract clients and he...
Looking for a Python & Active Directory Expert to create a script and test data to capture all meta data linked to and which describes the confined parameters of an AD account, group policy etc. and export to a MS Excel File. More information attached.
I am seeking a professional with extensive experience in social media marketing, particularly on Facebook and Instagram, to drive website traffic for my brand. The ideal candidate should understand how to attract and engage with young adults (18-24), which are the primary focus of this campaign. Key skills and experience include: - Strong understanding and experience in Facebook and Instagram algorithms - Expertise in creating engaging content that drives young adults (18-24) to visit a website - Proven track record in effectively improving website traffic through social media campaigns - Knowledge of analyzing social media metrics and tweaking strategies for better results.
I'm in need of an Excel Calculation Expert. I have data spreadsheets that need to do the calculations using Excel Your primary task will be to: - I've dataset (excel file), that needs to do the calculation using excel - Once it done then you need to write report as per following requirement Deadline: 10 hours or less
I need an Excel expert to assist me with various tasks involving data analysis and calculation 1. I have data and you need to do the historical data 2. After that you are required to write report as per requirement and instruction 3. Deadline: you may take 8-10 hours
I am seeking a talented pop vocalist with a knack for creativity. This exciting project involves converting a poem into a song. Key Responsibilities: - Create a pop melody for a specified poem - Bring the poem to life through song. Ideal skills: - Previous experience in the Pop genre - Strong vocal a...for creativity. This exciting project involves converting a poem into a song. Key Responsibilities: - Create a pop melody for a specified poem - Bring the poem to life through song. Ideal skills: - Previous experience in the Pop genre - Strong vocal abilities - Previous songwriting experience or ability to translate poetry into musical form. This is a fantastic opportunity for those who excel in conjuring up catchy pop melodies and are skilled at breathing new life into writ...
This role requires you to perform various duties including, social media marketing, customer service, and call center operations. Duties and Responsibilities: -Organize and maintain all information - Handle and coordinate all records -Handle social media platforms to market the company and its products -Manage customer inquiries and complaints -Assist with team and client communication -Perform call center operations and handle customer calls -Handle online and offline customer inquiries - Provide excellent customer service Basically, we are a realty firm and we managed some vacant residential properties which are available for rents and your tasks are to list these properties on the rental websites as , , and some other rental websites which will be
I'm looking for expert advice on my idea for a portable water bottle for dogs that I'm considering dropshipping. As a beginner in the e-commerce world, I need a professional to guide me on whether this is a viable idea and if so, how to make it known to dog owners. Key points to consider: - **Target Audience**: Dog owners - **Marketing Expertise**: Specifically in social media marketing - **Platform Focus**: Primarily interested in leveraging Instagram
I'm planning to venture into the dropshipping domain, with a specific focus on portab...who would find these bottles useful for their companions. I am looking for someone with: - Prior experience in marketing dropship products - Knowledge about the pet supplies market - Excellent market analysis capabilities - Innovative marketing strategies to target pet owners and individuals leading active lifestyles Your main responsibilities would include: - Evaluating the feasibility of my product idea - Robust market analysis - Creating and implementing marketing strategies Your expertise will help me make an informed decision about proceeding with this product. This could potentially become a long-term engagement, provided the initial assessment and subsequent mark...
I am looking for an imaginative and talented freelanc...freelancer to create a flyer or infographic that promotes a product for professionals in a specific industry. You should be capable of producing striking illustrations or graphical elements that not only illustrate the product, but also capture the essence of the industry it is intended for. Ideal Skills: - Graphic Design - Illustrations - Infographics - Marketing - Business Understanding Experience: - Proven experience in creating marketing materials for professionals would be preferred. - A deep understanding of how to use graphics and illustrations to tell a story and promote a product. Your creative touch and attention to detail will be much appreciated and will greatly contribute to the successful promotion...
...involve a blend of on-page, off-page, and technical SEO strategies. Key Responsibilities: - Implementing on-page SEO to enhance website content and structure - Executing off-page SEO strategies including link building, social media marketing, and influencer outreach - Ensuring technical SEO aspects are optimized for search engines Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in SEO with a track record of improving online visibility - Proficiency in all types of SEO including on-page, off-page, and technical SEO - Familiarity with link building, social media marketing, and influencer outreach tactics - Strong analytical skills to monitor and report on SEO performance - Ability to adapt strategies based on search engine algorithms and industry trends I look forward to collaborat...
I'm looking for a creative and experienced brochure designer to design 4 brochures targeted to dairy farmers and veterinary professionals. These brochures are to serve as marketing materials that will offer comprehensive yet concise information in an engaging manner. 2 x 1 page DLE Brochures are targeted at dairy farmers while 2 x 1 page A4 Flyers are more technical and targeted at vets. • You must have a sound understanding of the dairy industry to tailor the content to interest the target audience. • The information to be provided revolves around the benefits of a specific screening lab test for Staph aureus mastitis and tips on herd management strategies. • I prefer a designer who can create professional, informative, yet engaging designs and flow ...
I need a data entry specialist to help me with a simple task of entering data into spreadsheets. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficient in data entry, specifically into spreadsheets, with a keen eye for detail - Experience working with Excel or similar tools - Ability to maintain accuracy and meet deadlines - Good communication skills and reliability Looking forward to working with a professional who can complete the task efficiently and accurately.
I'm aiming to expand my wallpaper business and boost product sales, targeting both residential and commercial customers. Key Responsibilities: - Develop and implement a strategic marketing plan to promote our wallpaper products. - Drive sales through our company website and social media platforms. Skills & Experience: - Proven track record in sales and marketing, especially in the home decor industry. - Strong understanding of both residential and commercial customer needs in the wallpaper market. - Proficiency in e-commerce platforms, website management, and social media marketing. - Creative thinking and ability to develop innovative strategies to increase sales. - Excellent communication and negotiation skills.
As a business targeting both Millennials and Parents, I'm seeking a skilled and experienced Snapchat marketer to drive website traffic and generate leads. Key Project Details: - Objective: The primary goal of the campaign is to increase traffic to my website and generate leads. - Target Audience: The campaign will be aimed at both Millennials and Parents. Understanding the nuances of these demographics and how to effectively engage them on Snapchat is crucial. Ideal Freelancer: - Proven Experience: I'm looking for someone with a demonstrable track record of success in driving website traffic and generating leads through Snapchat. - Audience Expertise: Understanding the mindset and preferences of both Millennials and Parents is essential. - Creativity: The ability to create eng...
In this project, I need a freelancer who can meticulously manage data entry tasks. Ideal Skills: - Strong data entry skills, specifically with text data. - Advanced knowledge of Excel and data management within it. - Ability to understand and follow custom data organization instructions. Job Summary: - Enter text data into Excel format, understanding the importance of accuracy. - The data must be organized in a specific, custom order that I will provide. - Experience in similar jobs and a keen eye for detail will be highly beneficial.
I'm in urgent need of a skilled content writer who possesses strong proficiencies in Microsoft Excel. The primary task will involve generating written material for my organization, with an additional responsibility requiring accurate invoice creation. Your responsibilities in detail: - Generate compelling content that aligns with my organization's goals and objectives. - You would also be responsible for creating invoices using Microsoft Excel. Ideal qualifications and skills: - A strong grasp of the English language with excellent writing skills. - Prior experience with content writing and invoice creation. - Expert understanding of Microsoft Excel, particularly when it pertains to invoice creation.
...sales. Key Points: - The main objective is to enhance sales on my Payhip site, which is why I need a proficient and experienced SEO specialist who can help me achieve this goal. - I am specifically interested in leveraging SEO to drive traffic, boost leads, and increase sales. - The target demographic for this project is 18-65. Hence, the successful freelancer will need to be familiar with marketing strategies that cater to this particular audience. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven track record in SEO strategies that lead to tangible results in increasing sales. - Experience in targeting the young adult demographic and an understanding of the specific nuances that are effective in reaching them. - Previous success in e-commerce platforms like Payhip, or similar digital ...
I'm in need of a skilled designer to create standard-sized brochures and visiting cards for my startup small business. These should be professional and appealing to potential customers. Key Requirements: - Include our company name and logo - Incorporate our contact information Ideal Skills and Experience: - Graphic design - Experience creating marketing materials - Understanding of startup branding and aesthetics The ideal freelancer will produce a design that reflects our company's personality and appeals to our target audience. Please provide examples of similar work you've done in the past.
...OneDrive folder and answer various queries related to these invoices. Once this functionality is implemented, I want to integrate it with Excel to call the GPT model directly from Excel cells and receive responses in the same cells. Project Requirements: GPT-Invoices Setup: The custom GPT "GPT-Invoices" should be able to analyze invoices stored in a OneDrive folder. The OneDrive folder will have subfolders for each month containing our company’s purchasing and selling invoices. The GPT should be capable of answering questions related to these invoices. For example: "Sum all subtotals of invoices in folder April2024invoices." Integration with Excel: From within Excel, I want to be able to call the custom GPT "GPT-Invoices&quo...
...visibility targeting people who have interest in Astrology as this is instagram page of Astrology. If you have proven experience in SEO best practices and Instagram marketing, this is the job for you. Don’t want the fake audience that can’t convert to sales. Key Deliverables: - Strategies to effectively use Instagram for marketing. - reach and attract Targeting audience on instagram page - Run ads - Reach more genuine and compatible clients Ideal Skills and Experience: - Extensive experience in SEO and social media marketing. - Proven track record in using Instagram for marketing. - Understanding of Clients demands. - Marketing to attract people all over the world. - use all the strategies that helps to reach the most targeted intereste...
...require a well-crafted, professional business brochure, with a focus on informing potential clients. The tone of the brochure should be professional and formal to best represent my business. Key points: - The main goal of this project is to create a digital format brochure (PDF, e-brochure) that is visually appealing and informative. I want to ensure that it projects a professional image and effectively communicates the key aspects of my business to potential clients. - The design should be clean, simple, and elegant. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Graphic Design: A strong portfolio of professional, corporate brochure designs is essential. - Copywriting: Ability to craft professional and informative content that suits the tone and purpose of the b...
...$190+ million from marquee investors like Insight Partners, Tiger Global, Lightspeed India, Sequoia Capital, , and Greenoaks Capital, Apna is on a mission to enable livelihoods for billions in India. About the Role We are seeking a dynamic and creative Senior Copy Writer to join our Marketing team. As a Marketing Scriptwriter, you will be responsible for crafting compelling and engaging scripts & ads for various digital marketing channels, including B2C and B2B videos, product marketing and demo videos, brand films, as well as scripts for YouTube long format videos....
I am in need of a talented designer to give my Canva brochure a professional upgrade. It should stand out as fun, readable, and professional and should appeal to the general public. Its 45 pages long (43 plus the front and back) and is a guide/brochure for buying in a particular area of Spain. Its in English as its for UK and US readers primarily. Right now, I have all the word content in there. However, when trying to improve how it looks, I realise I have zero creativity in that department I'm not looking for anything too spectacular, but must be something that doesnt look like a 10 year old made! Ideal skills and experience: - Proven expertise in professional design and familiarity with Canva - Strong understanding of colors, fonts, and layout design - Proven ab...
...looking for a detail-oriented individual to assist with a data entry project. The task involves entering a variety of data types including numeric, text, and alphanumeric, into an Excel file. Key Details: - You will be working with a spreadsheet that has more than 10 columns. - I require the data to be formatted in a specific way: - Color coding: Certain cells should be filled with specific colors. - Conditional formatting: Cells should be formatted based on specific criteria. - Data validation rules: Certain cells should only accept specific types of data. Skills required: - Proficiency in Excel, including experience with conditional formatting, data validation, and color coding. - Strong attention to detail to ensure accurate data entry. - Efficient and r...
I am seeking a web expe...young adults (18-30). If you have proven experience in attractive web design, SEO best practices and Instagram marketing, this is the job for you. Key Deliverables: - A user-friendly website design with good SEO structure. - Strategies to effectively use Instagram for marketing. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Extensive experience in web design and SEO. - Proven track record in using Instagram for marketing. - Understanding of young adults’ digital behavior, interests and trends. The ultimate goal is not just to create a website, but to establish a strong online presence that resonates with young adults and keeps them engaged. This project requires a combination of technical, marketing and creative skills. If this resonates wit...
I'm seeking an experienced graphic designer to create an engaging brochure intended for marketing and promotion to my business clients. Key Responsibilities: - Design a brochure that effectively communicates our marketing message. Ideal Skills: - Experience in brochure design - Understanding of B2B marketing - Strong creativity and problem-solving skills - Proficiency in graphic design software including Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign. This project requires a professional who can design a brochure that resonates with a business clientele and amplifies our marketing efforts.
I'm looking for a talented individual to create Google Ad videos and blogs that promote my website and the products available on it. Key Responsibilities: - Selecting and focusing on Product A, Product B...and female customers, so the ideal candidate should be able to adapt content to cater to both genders. - Conveying an entertaining and engaging tone throughout the content, so it's essential that the candidate has a flair for creativity and a good understanding of consumer psychology. I'm looking for someone with a diverse skill set and experience in video and blog creation, as well as digital marketing. A strong portfolio of previous work in a similar field is highly desirable. Remember, the aim here is to create exciting and enticing content that will generate...
I'm seeking a digital marketing expert to boost engagement Participation, reaching 100,000 subscribers, and the commitment to remain on the channel of these my biblical YouTube channel targeting aged 25-65 Christians. - Main goal: Increase engagement, not just views or subscribers. - Audience: Professionals aged 25-65, Christians so understanding this demographic is key. - Content: The channel is specifically focused on biblical content, so a solid comprehension of this niche would be beneficial. As a freelancer, your core responsibilities include: - Crafting and implementing effective AdWords strategies to boost the channel's engagement. - Understanding and catering to the 25-65 Christians demographic. - Ensuring that the content aligns with the biblical focus of the ...
Looking for someone with advanced skills in Excel and PDF interactivity who can transform a multi-sheet excel document into an editable PDF, while maintaining its ability to be converted back into an excel document. The purpose of this conversion is to enhance collaboration, hence the PDF should feature: - Interactive input fields that can be edited. - Checkbox and/or radio button functionalities. Also looking to add our company logo in the header and company info (addresses, phone numbers etc) in the footer. The ideal freelancer would not only support this conversion, but also maintain the original formatting to protect the sanctity of the document. Previous experience in similar work would be advantageous. Looking forward to your proposals!
...Requirements: - Design and Set-up: I need someone with a keen eye for design who can make the newsletter visually appealing and professional. - Audience Focused: The content of the newsletter should be tailored and engaging for experienced freelancers, providing them with valuable insights and tips that can help them excel in their freelance careers. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in designing newsletters, specifically for experienced professionals. - Familiarity with email marketing tools for managing and sending out newsletters. - Strong understanding of the freelance industry and the needs of experienced freelancers. This is a long-term project, so I'm looking for a freelancer who can commit to a weekly update schedule and deliver consistently h...
I'm looking for a highly skilled professional, adept in sales and marketing, especially in the context of Continuous Glucose Monitor's, specifically the Libre Freestyle Sensors. Key Responsibilities: * Sales and marketing of pharmaceutical products * Product promotion to increase brand visibility Essential Skills and Experience: * Solid background in the medical field * Proven sales experience, specifically within the pharmaceutical industry Please note, while certifications can be advantageous, they are not a requirement for this position. I am more interested in your practical experience and proven results. Help me steer my pharmaceutical business towards growth and success.
I'm encountering issues converting Excel formulas to Google Sheets, particularly with the VLOOKUP function. The problematic formula in question is central to my data analysis processes. I need a professional who can troubleshoot and effectively convert these formulas to be compatible with Google Sheets. Key Tasks: - Identify the source of the "IFERROR" error in the VLOOKUP formula as it functions in Google Sheets. - Modify the formula for accurate results in Google Sheets, ensuring it retains its original functionality post-conversion. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficient in both Excel and Google Sheets formulas and functions. - Strong experience with VLOOKUP and IFERROR. - Ability to troubleshoot and adapt formulas across different spreadsheet platforms...
I need assistance in creating a specialized budgeting spreadsheet focusing on drivers license renewal costs. As someone who understands the intricacies of financial data, you...understands the intricacies of financial data, your task encompasses the following: - Developing a budgeting spreadsheet with an emphasis on renewal fees. - Including a feature for expense tracking and an income versus expenses comparison. - Incorporating a mechanism for budget forecasts to plan my finances better. The ideal freelancer for this task should excel in financial data management and have a comprehensive understanding of Excel or similar platforms. Previous experience in creating budget planning or financial management tools would be a significant advantage. Let's simplify my financia...
As the client, I need a website that can function offline, primarily aimed at assigning 3D components to various errors. These components should be simple structural designs. The basis for the assignment of these components is a manual input system. Integrating a feature for capturing photos of these errors is also crucial for this project. Ideal skills and Experience: • Proficient in 3D designs • Web Development Skills • Experience with Offline Application Development Key Features: • Assign 3D Components to Errors (manual input basis) • Capture Photos of Errors • Offline Functionality
I'm looking for a Virtual Assistant that can help me with various tasks related to my Eco...tasks: - Facebook ads: You'll be in charge of managing Facebook ads to promote our products and services. - Ecommerce: A solid understanding of the Shopify platform is essential as you'll be working within this system. - Digital marketing: Knowledge of digital marketing strategies will be helpful as we work on expanding our online presence. Ideal candidate's skills and experience: - Customer service experience - Data entry and organization skills - B2B lead generation strategies - Facebook ads management - Ecommerce knowledge (specifically Shopify) - Digital marketing expertise If you have a background in these areas and are looking for a challenging and r...
I'm seeking a skilled online marketer to help promote my psychiatric practice and increase my client base. This will be targeted towards all adults 18 and up. - Goal: Increase my client base significantly. - Target Audience: Adults age 18 and above. - Marketing Strategy: Primary focus on Search Engine Ads. The ideal candidate will have substantial experience in managing and optimizing search engine ads, as well as a deep understanding of adult audience targeting. Familiarity with the healthcare sector, particularly mental health, would also be beneficial. I would also like help in designing a website link for the search engines. I would like to have a presence on search engines such as Psychology Today, US News and World Report, , etc. which would encourage future patients
As the client, I am search of a seasoned virtual assistant to support me during typical work hours, 9am to 5pm (UTC +1). The ideal candidate will possess the following expertise: CRM MANAGEMENT: Monitor and manage follow-ups and sales activities within the CRM. Update and maintain accurate records of customer interactions and sales leads. Assist in developing ...tasks as assigned by the CEO. QUALIFICATIONS: Proven experience as a Virtual Assistant or in a similar administrative role. Excellent written and verbal communication skills. Strong organizational and time-management abilities. High level of professionalism and confidentiality. Ability to work independently and handle multiple tasks simultaneously. Proficiency in Microsoft Office Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and Google ...
...looking for a freelancer to assist me in setting up my Clickback email marketing account, and manage it. In particular, I need help with the initial account setup, list configuration, and email template creation. Key tasks include: - Initial account setup: I would like someone to help me with the initial setup of my Clickback account, ensuring that all the necessary information is accurately inputted and that the account is correctly configured for my email marketing needs. - List configuration: I need assistance with creating email lists within Clickback, and ensuring that they are accurately segmented and organized. - Email template creation: I need someone to help me create an email template that is suitable for my marketing needs, and that reflects my brand id...
I'm in need of a brochure to increase awareness about the civic and community management within our general resident population. The brochure needs to have: - A Modern design aesthetic that appeals to a wide range of residents. - Clear and concise information about our projects, achievements and future plans. Striking the right balance between captivating visuals and informative text will be crucial to engage our audience. Ideal Candidate: - A seasoned graphic designer with a strong portfolio in modern brochure design. - Prior experience in designing for community-based projects will be looked upon favorably. - Strong understanding of layout, typography, and color theory. - Skills in conveying messages effectively through design. Looking forward to creating a...
...Barcelona area. Key Responsibilities: - Help in implementing a marketing strategy that includes social media advertising, email marketing, collaborations with local influencers, and word-of-mouth promotion - Use various online channels to attract young professionals, entrepreneurs, and health & wellness professionals to the event - Able to reach thousands of people Ideal Skills and Experience: - Previous experience in event promotion, particularly in the personal development or wellness space - Proficiency in social media advertising, especially on Facebook and Instagram - Strong networking and interpersonal skills to help fill the room through personal and professional connections in Barcelona - Experience in email marketing and influencer collaborations - ...
I'm looking for a marketing specialist who can promote my kids toy e-commerce website. This project offers an opportunity for the chosen freelancer to benefit from a 25% cut of the profit generated through their successful marketing efforts. Key Project Details: - Product: The website is dedicated to selling a single kids toy. The toy is designed to appeal to children aged 1-12. It's important that you fully understand the product to best target your marketing efforts. - Target Audience: As the toy caters to children aged 1-12, the ideal target audience would be parents, guardians, or gift-givers. - Timeframe: I'm in urgent need of this service, so a quick turnaround is crucial. Ideal Freelancer: - Proven Experience: I'm looking for a professiona...
I need a professional capable of locating online colleges offering a BBA in Marketing. Experience in educational consulting or market research would be ideal for this job. Furthermore: - The college should have global recognition, - Course work must be primarily online, - A background in business education, specifically marketing, would be of immense benefit. - The chosen college should have an AACSB, ACBSP, or IACBE accreditation as per the client's requirements. Only those with proper understanding of business school accreditation and online education should bid. This will ensure that the selected college meets the client's expectations and education standards worldwide.
...content types. Attached are screenshots showing what these different content types look like on the source site. When you're accepted to work on the job, you'll be granted access to my site and given a document with direct links to the pages/templates where this work has been started. I need someone who is proficient enough with these tools to be fairly self-directed once given access. My web/marketing manager can give you access to the source site if needed, but you then ideally will be able to make sense of the setup and put things in place as intended to achieve this functionality without recreating the wheel. As an example, there is a Styles page for which a screenshot of the hero section is attached, showing Portfolio Items as well as Artists related to that...
Description: We are currently seeking a dynamic and motivated freelance cold caller to join our team and assist in prequalifying low-income prospects for our revolutionary no-cost health benefits program. This is an excellent opportunity for individuals who are skilled in high-volume cold calling and have a passion for help...management. Benefits: -Daily and Weekly Bonuses based on production!!! -Competitive compensation based on performance and call volume. -Opportunity to make a meaningful impact by helping low-income individuals access essential healthcare services. -Potential for growth and advancement within the company based on performance. If you are passionate about making a difference and have the skills to excel in a fast-paced cold calling environment, we want to hear...
...Developer to automate tasks relating to a list of codes (stored in a txt file, excel file, etc) and Web interaction, for a demostration of micro RPA possibilities Basically you will take 1 data from 1 excel cell (example cell d5) with that data you will create an hyperlink the link will be a fixed text + the code taken from excel you will open a broswer tab with that link IF one text is present in the resulting html response, you will close the tab, and repeat the process with the next data from the file If another text is present, you will "click" 3 or 4 following buttons Iterate with the next data from the excel file Until Excel's data EOF Everything configurable via external TXT file - name of the excel file or txt file - starti...
...to reformat a 14-page document. The current layout looks too much like a contract and not like a brochure. It's important to retain all the information, but make it visually appealing and easy to read. Key tasks: - Adjust font styles and sizes: The document currently uses a standard font and size. I'd like this to be adjusted to create a more modern and sleek look. - Add images and graphics: I will provide you with the necessary images and graphics to include. These should be incorporated in a way that enhances the overall aesthetic. - Rearrange sections: The document is structured like a standard contract. I'd like you to rearrange the sections in a way that makes it flow more like a brochure. Key Requirements: - Experience in graphic design and layout f...
I am in need of a well-crafted, classic and elegant brochure that will introduce my company to a wider audience. I need this project completed as soon as possible. The brochure will be a maximum of 10 pages and should follow a design style that is both classic and elegant. I am looking for a graphic designer with experience in: - Brochure design - Classic and elegant design styles Your design should be sophisticated and professional, suitable for introducing our organization to potential clients and partners. Your design will be a key element in how the company is perceived, so attention to detail and a keen eye for classic aesthetics are essential.
