Freelance consultant marketing and advertising jobs

I have an immediate requirement for experienced freelance recruiters who can help me recruit content moderators and customer service advisors in Portugal, Greece, and Spain. Key Details: - Positions: Content Moderation, Customer Service Advisors - Language skills: Fluent in French, German, Dutch, Italian, Norwegian, and Swedish all + English Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in recruiting for customer-facing roles. - Ability to source and interview candidates who are fluent in several languages. - Exceptional knowledge of European job markets, particularly in Portugal, Greece, and Spain. - Extensive network of multilingual professionals. Looking forward to connecting with high-performing recruiters who can source the right...

I'm seeking a tangible increase in brand awareness for my business amongst young adults (20-34 years) on Facebook. Ideally, you can craft engaging stories and behind-the-scenes content to captivate this target audience and create memorable experiences. Being well-versed in advanced Facebook marketing strategies and particular expertise in story-telling and content creation will be advantageous. This campaign's ultimate goal is to create a flourishing community, enhancing brand consciousness and expanding our digital footprint.

My business is in need of digital marketing services to help us reach our goals. We are looking for a freelancer to help us with SEO, the main focus of the digital marketing campaign. I do not have any existing marketing materials, so the freelancer will have to create everything from scratch. We need the project to be completed within 2-4 weeks.

...developing a comprehensive marketing analytics tool designed to integrate data from various advertising platforms, website activity, CRM, and Marketing Automation Platforms (MAP) to provide a unified view of marketing performance. We require a highly skilled and efficient Data Engineer or Architect who can handle data export processes, model and create tables and entity relationships, and develop an efficient and scalable database within a tight one-month deadline. ### Responsibilities: - Data Integration: connect and streamline data from multiple sources including ad platforms (like Google Ads, Facebook), website analytics tools (e.g., Google Analytics), CRM systems (e.g., Salesforce), and MAPs (e.g., ...

I'm seeking a skilled professional to edit my website's content and undertake some marketing tasks. The website currently has less than 10 pages and needs editing for improved user experience and increased product information. The main tasks will include: - Refining text, including product descriptions, home page copy, and all policies to ensure they are up-to-date and enticing. - Ensuring the updated information is SEO-friendly, to help improve our search engine ranking. The ideal candidate will have a strong background in: - Web content editing and proofreading - SEO optimization - Marketing and user engagement tactics I'm looking for a freelancer who is ready to take on this project promptly and dri...

Creation of 2 advertising visuals (300x600 and 300x250). UX/UI are available.

I am looking f...for a skilled social media expert to manage my advertising campaigns on Facebook and Instagram. The primary goal of these campaigns is to significantly boost our sales and conversions. Key Responsibilities: - Strategize and execute targeted ad campaigns on Facebook and Instagram - Optimize campaigns to increase conversions and sales - Regularly monitor and report on the performance of the ads Ideal Candidate: - Previous experience in managing successful social media ad campaigns, particularly on Facebook and Instagram - Strong understanding of conversion optimization techniques - Familiarity with targeting professionals aged 25-40 - Analytical skills to assess and improve campaign performance Please provide ...

I'm in need of a digital marketing expert with experience in engaging large audiences. The primary goal of this project is to boost engagement among a vast audience. Key Requirements: - Experience: Please provide details of your experience in similar projects. - Strong Communication: The ability to convey a message and engage with a large user base is key. Skills and Expertise: - Proven track record in digital marketing, particularly in boosting engagement. - Strong understanding of various social media platforms, as well as what techniques work best for each. - Excellent communication skills. - Understanding of the target audience and how to appeal to them. Please note that I skipped the question about social media platforms, as I am open to...

I'm in need of someone skilled in Canva to create and post marketing content on Instagram. The content should be in various formats, including images, videos, and infographics. Key Requirements: - Creation of images, videos, and infographics using Canva - Posting of the content on Instagram - Content creation should aim to increase brand awareness, generate leads, and drive appointments My target audience for this content are business professionals. I'm looking for someone with a good understanding of this demographic and who can create content that resonates with them. Ideal Skills & Experience: - Proficiency in Canva - Proven experience in social media marketing, particularly on Instagram - Creative thinking and ...

More details: What is the purpose of the copywriting project? Advertising copy Who is your target audience? Young adults (18-34) What tone should the advertising copy have? Casual and friendly

I require an efficient translator to convert my resume into German. The purpose is to apply for job opportunities in Germany within the marketing industry. Although I haven't specified any keywords, the translator should have knowledge and experience in this sector, being aware of common industry terminologies. A key understanding of nuances within the marketing field, particularly in Germany, would be greatly beneficial for this project.

As a proud business owner, I need a creative freelancer to revamp the content of my existing marketing strategy. The objective is to develop a compelling 20-slide PowerPoint presentation that communicates the essence of my business. Key aspects to be highlighted include: - In-depth understanding of Target Audience Insights - Comprehensive Competitive Analysis - Implementable Marketing Tactics The ideal freelancer for this project would be a marketing strategy specialist with excellent PowerPoint skills and a flare for creating engaging visual content that effectively communicates marketing strategies. I hope to work with someone who has a solid understanding of crafting compelling pitches and who can deliver high-quality results swiftly.

I'm seeking an experienced marketeer to he...cryptography - Symmetric-key cryptography - Cryptanalysis You Can Check the website at "" , the course costs "1388.33$" , use Discount Code "FREELANCERMARK13" while marketing for 5% off , each sale you successfully land you will receive 100$ after providing me with the screenshot from the email that the customer receive after paying Ideal candidates for this marketing project should have: - Knowledge of the professional marketplace - Experience advertising educational initiatives - Familiarity with the field of cryptography Your role will involve strategy development and implementing engaging marketing campaigns to reach potential participants. Our goal is to attract profe...

...This should outline the current market situation in Saudi Arabia, including competitors, market size, and trends. - **Financial Projections**: The business plan should include detailed financial projections over the next 3 years. This will be crucial for securing investments and planning our growth. - **Marketing Strategy**: I need a comprehensive marketing plan that will help us effectively reach our target audience in Saudi Arabia. - **Pricing Structure Strategy**: Your expertise in developing competitive pricing strategies will be highly valued. - **Field Force Team Structure**: I would like you to help in designing a field force team structure that will be responsible for our distribution and sales. Distribution Channels: - **Supermarkets**: I pla...

I'm seeking an experienced marketeer to he...cryptography - Symmetric-key cryptography - Cryptanalysis You Can Check the website at "" , the course costs "1388.33$" , use Discount Code "FREELANCERMARK13" while marketing for 5% off , each sale you successfully land you will receive 100$ after providing me with the screenshot from the email that the customer receive after paying Ideal candidates for this marketing project should have: - Knowledge of the professional marketplace - Experience advertising educational initiatives - Familiarity with the field of cryptography Your role will involve strategy development and implementing engaging marketing campaigns to reach potential participants. Our goal is to attract profe...

...are in the food sector, and I'm in need of an expert to help me promote them on social media. Key Responsibilities: - Develop a comprehensive social media marketing strategy to boost visibility and sales of my food products. - Execute the strategy, ensuring posts are engaging, timely, and drive traffic to my product pages. - Monitor social media analytics and make necessary adjustments to the strategy to improve performance. - Continuously stay updated on social media trends and best practices to ensure my products are marketed effectively. I'm looking for someone with: - Proven experience in social media marketing, particularly in the food sector. - Strong understanding of social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, ...

...for a vibrant and innovative partner to take our brand's online presence to the next level. Expertise in social media and captivating content creation is key, as we aim to engage and grow our customer base. Here's what I'm envisioning: - Social Media Management * Cultivate our image on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and Pinterest * High-frequency, high-quality posts aligned with our brand's voice * Grow our following and increase user engagement across platforms - Content Creation * Develop unique, visually appealing content that resonates with our demographic * Craft engaging stories that reflect brand values and attract ages 21- 45 * Drive traffic and conversions through compelling calls-to-action Ideal ...

...expert in digital advertising, specifically in creating display ads that will generate leads for my business. Key Requirements: - Create engaging display ads: I'm looking for someone who can design and develop eye-catching display ads to attract potential customers and generate leads. - Experience with lead generation: It's important that the freelancer understands the fundamentals of lead generation and can tailor the ad content to achieve this goal. - Proficiency with Newspaper Advertising: As the ads are to run on Newspaper, the professional must have experience with this platform and be able to optimize the ad content effectively. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven track record in digital advertising, particul...

I'm looking for a soc...social media expert to help me with my Instagram & TikTok marketing campaign. - **Current Situation**: I'm only inactive on Instagram & TikTok and need assistance in increasing my brand's visibility, enhancing engagement and driving traffic to my website. - **Primary Goal**: The primary focus is to increase brand awareness however, I'm open to suggestions for other strategies such as boosting product sales. - **Timeline**: I'm looking to get this project completed within a month. Ideal candidate should have: - Proven experience in creating and managing successful Instagram marketing campaigns - Strong understanding of social media analytics and insights - Ability to create engaging conte...

...an event, advertising a product or raising awareness about a cause. This asks for versatility and adaptability in your skillset. - Skills and Experience: I need someone experienced in graphic design, specifically in poster creation. If you've successfully completed similar projects in the past, please include examples in your application. - Application: I'm not asking for detailed project proposals at this stage. However, showing your past work and highlighting relevant experience will strengthen your application. - Design Style: As for the design style, I'm still undecided. It might be bold and eye-catching, informative and educational, or elegant and sophisticated. Flexibility in your design approach will be highly ap...

Got it! Here's a draft for your job description: **Job Title: Custom Avatar Creation and Video Animation Freelancer** **Description:** We are seeking a skilled freelance animator who can bring our vision to life by creating a custom-made avatar resembling a famous individual. Additionally, we require expertise in animating elements within a provided video clip, specifically animating a banner falling down from a building. **Responsibilities:** 1. Create a custom avatar resembling a well-known individual, capable of walking and talking convincingly. 2. Animate the avatar to mimic the movements and speech patterns of the referenced individual. 3. Integrate the avatar seamlessly into provided video footage, ensuring realistic interaction with the environmen...

...who can create a captivating 3D advertisement. This animation will primarily be used for social media platforms. Key requirements: - Expertise in creating 3D animation. - Knowledge and understanding of advertising dynamics and how to create engaging, persuasive stories with animation. - Proven experience in creating 3D animations for social media platforms. The goal of this project is to grab the attention of viewers on social media and persuade them to take specific actions. Therefore, creating a compelling narrative using 3D animation is paramount. Ideal skills: - 3D Animation - Advertising and Marketing aptitude - Social Media savvy Previous experience working on similar projects will be highly appreciated. Demonstrated ability t...

I'm seeking an experienced marketeer to help promote my Cryptography course. Th...exploration of critical topics including: - Public-key cryptography - Symmetric-key cryptography - Cryptanalysis You Can Check the website at "" , the course costs "1388.33$" , use Discount Code "FREELANCERMARK13" while marketing for 5% off , each sale you successfully land you will receive 100$ Ideal candidates for this marketing project should have: - Knowledge of the professional marketplace - Experience advertising educational initiatives - Familiarity with the field of cryptography Your role will involve strategy development and implementing engaging marketing campaigns to reach potential participants. Our goal is to attract profe...

...Senior Sales Operations Analyst at a top online advertising campaign management firm and I urgently require a professional skilled in Tableau. Your task will be to create a comprehensive dashboard that assists me in analyzing and strategizing our sales operations. Key Deliverables: - Present crucial data points including daily ad impressions and conversion rates. - Display key performance indicators such as Click-through rate (CTR), Cost per acquisition (CPA), and Return on ad spend (ROAS). - Use different visualization formats like line charts, bar charts, and pie charts to represent the information. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in Tableau - Strong analytical skills - Experience in developing dashboards with extensive understanding of mark...

I'm looking for a freelance vector artist to convert my file into an high quality AI format. The job is straightforward and only requires direct conversion. However, there are specific dimensions and resolution requirements I would like to adhere by. Freelancers adept at working with Adobe Illustrator and experienced in maintaining high-quality resolution during the conversion process would be an excellent fit. We'll discuss the specifications once we begin the project. Your task is simple: - Convert the attached file into both AI and PDF format - Please provide the image in high resolution as it will be printed on a t-shirt Please bid with a time and cost estimate, and let me know if you need any more details. Proficiency ...

...Encounters," seeking a talented and creative freelance designer to help us establish our brand identity. We are seeking a skilled professional who can create a unique and compelling brand identity that resonates with our target audience, Gen X, ages 44-59. We are looking for something minimalist with a modern touch. We are not looking for something that looks religious. Maybe something alluding to an open door. Scope of Work: Logo Design: Develop a distinctive and meaningful logo representing the essence of "Art Encounters," with a minimalist style. Provide multiple concepts for initial review and work collaboratively to refine the chosen design. Color Palette: Design a color palette that reflects the desired aesthetic for the bran...

I am in need of an assertive, results-oriented Sales Rep...proven track record in driving revenue. The right candidate will be responsible for selling advertising spaces for our family-friendly, classic TV station. Our target demographics include children, adults, and seniors, making for a diverse marketing platform. I am looking for someone skilled in: - Outlining promising sales strategies - Successfully negotiating and closing sales deals - Holding strong knowledge of family television and classic TV - Achieving key objectives such as revenue increase and brand visibility While the experience in the broadcasting industry is useful, ultimately, I need someone who knows how to sell, regardless of the platform or product. I am counting on you to ...

As a business leveraging social media marketing to attract customers, I'm currently seeking a skilled digital marketer to help drive significant sales increase. Key Requirements: - Proven expertise in social media marketing - Track record of boosting sales through digital marketing - Ability to work independently and make data-driven decisions Responsibilities: - Creating and executing a strategy aimed at driving sales - Analyzing data to evaluate campaign performance and make necessary optimizations - Keeping up to date with industry trends and best practices Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in social media platforms and tools - Strong understanding of digital marketing principles - Analytical thinking and data inter...

...me run a successful advertising campaign for my tour packages on Trip Advisor. Key Requirements: - Platform: The ads will be running on Trip Advisor , so I need someone who is well-versed in Trip Advisor Ads and has a proven track record of running successful campaigns. - Goals: The main aim of this campaign is to boost sales of my tour packages, so I am looking for someone who has experience in creating and managing high-converting campaigns. Your responsibilities will include: - Keyword Research: Identifying the most relevant and high-performing keywords related to tour packages in order to drive quality traffic. - Ad Creation: Crafting persuasive ad copy that highlights the unique selling points of my tour packages. - Campaign Optimization: Continuously...

I am looking for experienced freelance content writers to create engaging blogs, articles, and website content focused on the technology and IT consulting industry. This content is intended to be read by business executives, so it needs a sophisticated tone without too many technical jargons. The ideal candidate will have: - A strong understanding of the technology and IT consulting industries - Experience in writing for a business executive audience - The capacity to create less than 10 pieces of high-quality content Kindly submit your proposals, rates, and relevant portfolio samples. Looking forward to working with you.

I'm seeking a talented and experienced 2D animator to help in advertising and brand promotion. This project involves creating an engaging and dynamic animation less than 30 seconds in duration. Further details: - Skill Requirement: - Proficiency in 2D animation techniques. - Creativity and innovative thinking to make the animation engaging and memorable. - Ability to work within a short timeframe. - Animation Objective: The aim is to create a captivating and innovative 2D animation for brand advertising and promotion. You should have experience in creating animations that successfully promote and advertise brands. Contact me if you have the necessary expertise in creating stunning 2D animations - let...

I'm in need of a skilled photographer to capture arou...drops. Key Responsibilities: - Photographing in 2 different settings: home garages and warehouse spaces. - Creating 4-6 unique setups or settings for the shoot - Ensuring a highly professional and polished style for the final images - Including photographs where the racks are mounted on walls and ceilings - Delivering the images in a high resolution and appropriate format for advertising use Ideal Skills: - Proficient in industrial and garage photography - Experience with product and lifestyle photography - Demonstrated ability to shoot and edit for a professional and polished look - Understanding of lighting, angles, and composition - Strong attention to det...

...to appeal in a clear and enticing way, driving consumer interest and sales. Ideal candidates would: - Have extensive experience in 2D animation, ideally in marketing or advertising. - Understand how to convey complex information in a simple, digestible manner. - Have a strong sense of storytelling and how it applies to marketing. - Be able to develop engaging, appealing visual content that resonates with a general audience. - Provide a portfolio of prior work for review, showcasing a variety of styles and tones. Your responsibility will include: - Translating existing storyboards into a 1-minute long 2D animated video. - Infusing the video with energy, relatability, and excitement to engage viewers. Our aim is to have a final...

I'm searching for a skilled social media manager who can effectively enhance our brand visibility and generate leads utilizing Facebook and Instagram. Key responsibilities will include targeting audiences ranging from 18 to 44 years old and establishing a solid presence on these platforms. Ideally, you should have: - Expertise in marketing over Facebook and Instagram - Proven experience in increasing brand awareness - A knack for lead generation - Understanding of social media trends within the 18-44 age demographic Focused strategies on these core goals should lead us to great success in our collaborative social media efforts. ** Fast Food, Takeaway & Convenience Store related, Monthly ongoing work, requires ROI

...web and graphic designer to help me create a website for my B2B business. The main purpose of the website is to generate leads and boost sales. I want the website to be created within 's platform. I'm looking for someone who can make eye catching graphics and designs. Pages desired are (* represents the navigation menu, - are sub pages): * Home - * Services - Amazon Brand Management - Amazon Advertising - Amazon Reseller Consulting - Walmart Brand Management - Walmart Advertising * About Us * Our Process. (tailored after ) * Resources (this is to be a blog) Website: - I want the content and design to be similar to Colors/etc can vary - The website should be sleek, professional, and optimized for lead generation and...

I am seeking a talented graphic designer to create a timeless classic-style logo that will captivate my target audience. The logo should strongly resonate with our audience in order to attract and retain their attention. It is necessary for any prospective freelance designers to deliver: - A highly detailed project proposal. - A clear understanding of traditional design principles. - A unique approach to maximizing target audience attraction. Ideal skills and qualification required for this job include: - Prior experience in designing classic logos. - Solid concepts on classic style branding. - Able to deliver on detailed project proposals. Your proposal should effectively illustrate how your design will engage my intended audience. I look forward to seeing the in...

I'm looking for someone who can help me to send an email introducing my profile to 100,000 email addresses. Key Project Details: - **Purpose**: The emails are intended for a marketing campaign. - **Target Audience**: The email content should be geared towards the general public. - **Email Content**: I'm looking for a text-based email, so no need for graphic design or video embedding. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in email marketing tools and best practices. - Ability to manage a large email list. - Excellent copywriting skills to ensure a compelling email. - Experience with email campaigns aimed at general audiences would be a plus. Feel free to share any relevant experience or ideas you have. Looking forward to hearing from you.

...The animation must be extremely detailed and realistic to appeal to young adults. - Showcase Product: The video should effectively display the key features of the product/service in an engaging manner. - Fast Turnaround: I'm looking for a freelancer who can deliver this project quickly without compromising the quality of the animation. Ideal Skills: - Prior Experience: Previous experience in creating realistic 3D animations for advertising purposes is a big plus. - Attention to Detail: A keen eye for detail and a commitment to delivering high-quality work. - Creativity: Ability to come up with innovative and engaging ways to showcase the product. - Time Management: The ability to deliver the project in a timely manner. If you meet these requirements ...

...life. This involves designing a range of materials such as flyers, posters, digital content reels, and social media postings. Key Tasks: - Crafting engaging flyers and posters aimed at boosting advertising efforts. - Creating dynamic digital content reels to capture the attention of a professional audience. - Developing visually appealing and on-brand social media postings. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in graphic design, ideally with a focus on digital promotion. - A creative eye for design that resonates with professionals aged 21+. - Proficiency in creating compelling social media content that drives engagement. If you're passionate about designing for digital platforms and have a knack for creating visually strikin...

I'm in need of a professional with exceptional skills in marketing books specifically on Amazon. Requirements: - Expertise in establishing and managing an Author Page on Amazon. This is a crucial part of my marketing strategy. - Prior experience marketing books. Ideally, you'll understand the specific nuances of promoting written works on online platforms. - The ability to work independently. This project requires someone who can take the reins and lead marketing efforts. Looking forward to getting my books into the hands of eager readers with your help!

I am looking for professional resume writer that has demonstrated experience in writing resume for Australian market within Senior Cyber Security roles. Understanding of Information Security, Security Architect and GRC domain is preferable The incumbent should use their own experience to craft the profile organically. I am looking some help in polishing up my profile for senior consultant/ managerial role so resume should reflect both technical and business acumen. I can provide my draft resume as a reference to build on top of that.

For my festival, I'm seeking a skilled web developer who is proficient in Bootstrap to create a website similar to the Festy Template. The primary functions o...Template. The primary functions of the website are to: - Promote the festival - Provide comprehensive information about the festival - Offer vendor signup with a contact form - Provide schedule and performer signup The project scope includes the development of less than 5 webpages with: - Textual content - Images - Videos A successful freelance web developer for this project should be experienced in Bootstrap and have a strong understanding of creating effective and engaging festival or event website pages. They should also be adept at incorporating various types of content, including text, im...

...various aspects of my marketing strategy. Primarily, I need help with social media management, email marketing, and content creation. Key Aspects: - Social Media Management: Currently, I use Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok as my primary social platforms. I need help with managing these accounts effectively. This includes posting engaging content, responding to comments, growing my follower base, and increasing my reach. - Email Marketing: My main goal for email marketing is to increase sales. The candidate should have a strong understanding of email marketing best practices. This includes crafting engaging email campaigns, segmenting my audience, and analyzing email performance. - Content Creation: This role also involves...

I'm looking for a skilled designer who can create attractive and engaging door hangers for marketing purposes. The door hangers will be targeting homeowners specifically. Some suggestions for design may include; One side Attention homeowners Energy savings program Available in this zip code! Upgrade your home with energy efficient products with 0 money down Back side: Products include: Roof Tankless water heater Turf Electric panel upgrade Exterior paint Solar Windows Insulation HVAC Payment plans as low as $99 a month $0 money down Representatives available for free assessment in your area call today to schedule It should be something that pops and looks vibrant

...self-motivated PHP developer, well-versed both in front-end and back-end development, including intricate database integration services. You need to have a comprehensive command of PHP to take on unpredictable project tasks. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in PHP - Front-end and Back-end development capabilities - Experience in database integration - Robust problem-solving skills - Excellent communication As a freelance PHP developer for this project, you should bring a mix of creativity, forward-thinking, and technological prowess. You're free to engage this project with your unique style, stamping your innovation on our vision. Main Project Purpose: The main thrust of this project is centered around developing a web application ...

I’ve developed a marketing deck for my Pokerrito brand. We’ve rebranded ourselves as Stickbug and I need to rebrand the deck to replace logos, Pokerrito, and one image with Stickbug. Please see attached original deck, deck with my notes, Stickbug logo and Stickbug store image to replace Pokerrito store image.

As an experienced WP specialist, I am looking for a skilled consultant to help with a project regarding my website. I have Google Analytics installed on my WordPress site, but I want to rebuild it to better focus on tracking website traffic. I would also like to integrate a Consent Management Platform (CMP) via Google Site Kit to ensure I'm compliant with various privacy regulations. Key tasks may include: - Rebuilding Google Analytics to focus on tracking website traffic - Integrating a Consent Management Platform (CMP) via Google Site Kit Ideal skills for this project include: - Strong understanding of Google Analytics - Expertise in WordPress - Experience with integrating and configuring a CMP - Proficiency in setting up Event tracking in Google Analytics - A full...

...e-commerce expert consultant for retail online store start ups in Canada & the US. I am selling consultative services for people looking to start up an e-commerce store. I need an actual mockup done as opposed to just showcasing what your skill sets are I would like to see what you can create. If you have any questions regarding the details, I’m looking for in addition to what I’ve already been provided. I am more than happy to provide. It will be a service based offering website. Ideal Skills: - Web design experience - Familiarity with minimalist aesthetic - Previous work with informational websites - Understanding of professional audience needs The goal is for a simple layout that provides clear, easily accessible information. Being able to incorporate su...

...platforms such as Facebook and Google. When potential customers search for services like fire mitigation, land clearing, driveway/road building, and excavation, I'd like my company to be prominently displayed. Key Requirements: - Implementing marketing strategies on Facebook and Google, and driving traffic to my website - Focusing on generating leads as the primary goal - Leveraging before and after project photos for audience engagement Ideal Skills: - Proven track record in social media marketing, specifically lead generation - Strong understanding of Facebook and Google advertising platforms - Ability to curate and present engaging content, specifically before and after project photos - Familiarity w...